Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

• A. mRNA
• B. tRNA
• C. rRNA
• D. DNA

Answer: (B)

In translation, amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. The amino acid is attached to the tRNA by an enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and then the tRNA brings its amino acid into the ribosome where peptide bonds form.

mRNA, on the other hand, provides the three-nucleotide codons that specify which amino acids are needed but does not bring the amino acids themselves. rRNA is a structural and catalytic component of the ribosome that helps build the protein, not transport amino acids. DNA stores the genetic information used to make mRNA.